Catapult

Also called an onager, a ballistic device used to launch a projectile consisting of a large frame with a lifted crossbar. A vertical spoke, or arm, passes one end through a rope or sinew bundle that, once under tension, produces a springing effect that hurls the projectile. The arm is pulled down by winches until it locks, so that it can be loaded. When the lock is released, the arm springs forward, strikes the lifted crossbar and the projectile continues outward. The crossbar was usually padded with unshorn sheepskin.

The arm generally includes a cup for loading stones or other projectiles, including the heads of caught spies, dung or small diseased animals. Catapults do not have the strength to throw even a child; if the projectile is too heavy, the arm will not swing forward.

Catapults can be mounted atop walls and on ships.

Stone and iron projectiles fired by catapults will “skip” when they hit a flat hard surface without penetrating, so that they may cause damage to more than one combatant when fired into a group of creatures. Catapult shots comprised of broken stone and low-grade masonry will shatter when hitting a hard object, creating shrapnel.

Heavy Catapult

Weight: 1,500 lbs.
Minimum crew: 3
Range: 320 feet; short (9-16); medium (17-30); long (31-64)
Projectile weight: 14 lbs
Damage vs. h.p.: 3-36
Rounds to load: 5
Hardpoint cost: 40 tons

Light Catapult

Weight: 600 lbs.
Minimum crew: 2
Range: 260 feet; short (6-13); medium (14-24); long (25-52)
Projectile weight: 10 lbs
Damage vs. h.p.: 3-30
Rounds to load: 4
Hardpoint cost: 20 tons

See Also,
Combat
Hardpoints
Naval Combat
Siege Engines